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Transport: ideas and frameworks explained

A collection of ideas, frameworks and techniques related to Transport, explained clearly so they are easy to understand and share.

The difference between Science and Engineering: quote by Theodore von Kármán "Scientists discover the world that exists; Engineers create the world that never was."Science and Engineering: What’s the Difference?Congested equilibrium and how suppressed journeys and latent demand build-up means you can't build your way out of congestionCongested EquilibriumKitty Hawk Moment illustration: The Wright brother's first successful bi-plane, The Wright Flyer is shown taking flight; shifting the concept of human flight from the impossible to the possible. Kitty Hawk momentHump-Back Stations illustration: an above and below ground cross-section of an urban environment is shown, displaying the rise and fall of an underground transit tunnel as it approaches and departs a station platform - allowing gravity to play its part in slowing the train down, uphill as it comes into a station and accelerating it away, downhill on departure. Hump-back stationsSonic Boom illustration: a series of increasingly fast planes flying in the sky is shown from left to right, along with their position in relation to the sound shockwaves produced as the air in front of each plane is compressed. The plane on the left travels slower than the speed of sound and is thus behind its shockwaves. In the middle, the aircraft travels at the speed of sound and the shockwaves are shown bunching up near the nose of the plane. On the right, the supersonic, speedy aircraft surpasses the speed of sound creating a loud boom to the delight and / or fright of those on the ground nearby. Sonic boomStarting a Company - Reid Hoffman quote illustration: a brave soul leaps off a tall coastal cliff with only a backpack for survival. On their way down, they quickly assemble a plane from the components in the backpack and pilot it away from the beckoning sea - just in time! Written in the sky is the quote: "Starting a Company is like jumping off a cliff and assembling a plane on the way down."Starting a companyPollution from idling cars exhaust - 150 balloons filled by the exhaust of an idling car in a minuteIdlingSurvivorship Bias illustration: two analysts observe bullet damage, depicted by red dots, on a fighter plane returning from battle. They propose that heavier armour is added to all aircraft in the most hit areas of the plane. A third onlooker wonders whether this surviving plane tells a different story in that it returned because the most vulnerable areas weren't hit. Maybe heavier armour should be added to those areas? Survivorship biasWhat is the Jevons' paradox in economics: fuel use tends to increase, not decrease, despite efficiency gains, with definition and example. Observation from William Stanley JevonsJevons' ParadoxWhat is Marchetti's constant example explained: chart showing how Berlin increased in size with new means of travelling faster through walking, electric trams, and subways, to carsMarchetti’s constantRival and non-rival goods illustration: a scale with rival goods at one end (left) and non-rival goods at the other (right) displays items at each extreme and along the scale in between. eg. (left to right) cup of coffee; roads; software. Rival and non-rival goodsKnow your flying fabrics: what is parachuting, wing suiting, paragliding, hang gliding, kitesurfing, parasailing/parakiting — the difference between them Know your flying fabricsThe real shape of a crossing illustration: as cars and a cyclist stop at a red light for pedestrians to cross the road, we see that people on foot start crossing before they reach the designated crossing area that is typically perpendicular to the road. The real shape of a crossingStand diagonally on transport to brace yourself for forward-backwards and sideways jolts and avoid falling overStand diagonally on transportThe piston animation: a short animation of a piston with connecting rod and crankshaft showing how it converts linear motion—back and forth—into rotational motionThe pistonMicromort: 1 day of living, 20 miles by bike, 250 miles by carMicromort: The unit of deathBest travel choices in LondonPollution is highly localized—take the back streets. Showing a family in city traffic and family cycling in the back streetsPollution is highly localized: take the back streetsOur senses are built to take in information at human pace illustration showing more input as you go from cars and trains to bikes and walkingOur senses are built to take in information at human paceHow to get off at Russell Square

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