Sketchplanations
Sketchplanations podcast photo of Rob Bell, Tom Pellereau and Jono Hey

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Explaining the world one sketch at a time

Simplifying complex ideas through fun and insightful sketches.

New sketches by email

Learn something new in a sketch each Sunday

Big Ideas Little Pictures: Explaining the world one sketch at a time

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Absorb big ideas with crystal-clear understanding through this collection of 135 visual explanations. Including 24 exclusive new sketches and enhanced versions of classic favourites, each page shares life-improving ideas through beautifully simple illustrations.

Perfect for curious minds and visual learners alike.

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Hi, I'm Jono 👋

I'm an author and illustrator creating one of the world's largest libraries of hand-drawn sketches explaining the world—sketch-by-sketch.

Sketchplanations have been shared millions of times and used in books, articles, classrooms, and more. Learn more about the project, search for a sketch you like, or see recent sketches below.

Recent sketches

Everyone's a geek about something with people geeking out on many different activities

Everyone's a Geek About Something — Revised and Expanded

Are you passionate about something? Do you know something inside out where others barely give it a glance? As a schoolboy, I thought I was into birds—until my dad and I stayed with some family friends who were truly into birding. They had a powerful telescope trained on the birds at the feeder in their garden. They had crystal-clear binoculars we used on a bird walk, which showed me birds clearer and closer than I'd ever seen. They knew what birds to look for and had tape recordings of specific bird calls that brought them to nearby bushes. They talked us through trips they'd been around the world to spot rare and remarkable birds. Spending time with them changed how I saw birds forever. It was impossible to be around them and not start to love birds. There are classic disciplines for geekiness: science, maths, computers, birdwatching, plane spotting, model trains. But over the years, I've seen people geek out about so much more: gardening, plants, pottery, DJ'ing, Pokemon, sport, skiing, cycling, endurance, beekeeping, writing, business, spreadsheets, coding, magic tricks, sailing, a musical instrument, nightclubs, restaurants, personal development, gaming, crypto, cooking, travel, film, thrillers, local history, deals, football boots, coaching, shopping, clothes, cars, building, cameras, art, museums, relationships, pets, insects, decorating, and on and on. If you don't pay close attention to Premier League football is boring, but if you follow every detail, it can be engrossing. I didn't think much of textiles, but I found it fascinating after spending an afternoon weaving in Laos. One of the 5 Ways to Wellbeing is Take Notice. Being a geek is noticing everything about something. It can also Connect you with others and keep you Learning—two more of the five. The word geek derives from a word meaning fool or freak as if it's foolish to devote so much attention and time to one area. But the truth is, as the physicist Richard Feynman says: "Nearly everything is really interesting if you go into it deeply enough." And the writer Henry Miller wrote: "The moment one gives close attention to anything, even a blade of grass, it becomes a mysterious, awesome, indescribably magnificent world in itself." Let's embrace our inner geeks. Dive deep into what fascinates you. Try not to dismiss others' passions until you've had a go at getting into depth yourself. Their joy could be just the same that you feel with something else. Everyone's a geek about something. And that's wonderful. This is a revised and expanded version of my original sketch, which had just a few passions. I've thought about it so much since I first heard the phrase—I couldn't remember where—that I thought it needed an update. And we had a blast talking about this on the podcast. When putting together a draft of a Sketchplanations book, this was my first title idea (preview). Related Ideas to Everyone's a Geek About Something Also see: 5 Ways to Wellbeing Flow The writer's in the writing. The artist's in the art. Discovering truth and beauty The Learning Pit Eponym One-buttock playing
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An illustration for Kahlil Gibran’s On Marriage from The Prophet: an oak and a cypress tree with two figures holding hands, grow not in each other’s shadow.

Grow not in each other's shadow

The reading from our wedding I remember most clearly is a passage from Kahlil Gibran's beautiful book, The Prophet. We were drawn to it then, and I still am now. The end of the passage offers one of the most beautiful, uplifting, and—at the time—surprising perspectives on marriage. "And stand together yet not too near together:    For the pillars of the temple stand apart,    And the oak tree and the cypress grow not in each other's shadow." From the outside, marriage often seems like a complete merging—becoming one, but perhaps also losing part of yourself in the process. I love that this passage says that two people can and should unite and support each other without lessening each other individually. We retain what makes us ourselves while being stronger together. The image of the oak and the cypress has stayed with me ever since our wedding day. The full passage from the Prophet is below: On Marriage, by Kahlil Gibran Then Almitra spoke again and said, And what of Marriage, master?   And he answered saying:   You were born together, and together you shall be forevermore.   You shall be together when the white wings of death scatter your days.   Ay, you shall be together even in the silent memory of God.   But let there be spaces in your togetherness,   And let the winds of the heavens dance between you.   Love one another, but make not a bond of love:   Let it rather be a moving sea between the shores of your souls.   Fill each other's cup but drink not from one cup.   Give one another of your bread but eat not from the same loaf.   Sing and dance together and be joyous, but let each one of you be alone,   Even as the strings of a lute are alone though they quiver with the same music.   Give your hearts, but not into each other's keeping.   For only the hand of Life can contain your hearts.   And stand together yet not too near together:   For the pillars of the temple stand apart,   And the oak tree and the cypress grow   not in each other's shadow. Related Ideas to Grow Not in Each Other's Shadow Also see: The 4 Horsemen of Relationship Apocalypse Everyone's a Geek About Something Second cousins once removed Fact tennis Notice when you're happy
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F-Shaped Reading of content on the web from eye-tracking

F-Shaped Reading

Many of us absorb and sift through huge quantities of information on the web daily. We've trained ourselves to quickly pull out the most important information and decide if the rest is worth our time. When this happens, which is most of the time, people commonly use F-Shaped Reading. What is F-Shaped Reading? F-Shaped Reading is a pattern seen in eye-tracking studies of people reading content on the web that seems to follow the shape of an F. That looks like scanning the top words most, maybe making it to the end of a headline. Then moving down the left-hand side and heading right again when we hit another sub-head or line that draws our attention. In languages that read right-to-left, you can see a reverse F-shape. We don't always read in an F-shape. There are several other common text-scanning patterns, such as spotted, layer-cake, marking, bypassing or commitment patterns—getting stuck in and reading the whole thing. However, an F-shaped reading, first identified around 2006, is still common and used on mobile devices. F-Shaped Reading is about reading content. It's not how we might scan a shiny new web page with fancy navigation and CTAs (Calls To Action). Why an F-Shape? F-Shaped Reading means that your headline and your first sub-head matter a lot. And also, the content on the left matters more as a way to draw people into your work. But it doesn't have to be this way. An F-shape arises because we're trying to be efficient and decide if this page is worth more of our time. It's hard to get that from a block of text, so we improvise—getting an idea of the content areas from the headlines and trying to see which content blocks, if any, are relevant to read by scanning quickly down the page. I'm not too proud to admit that you may be scanning this. Improving on F-Shaped Reading and Helping Our Readers F-Shaped Reading, to my knowledge, is from the NN Group, who also has a comprehensive article on it. They have a useful list of antidotes, which I paraphrase below, together with a few additions of my own: Put the most important information first Structure with headings and subheadings Front-load words in headings and bullets with the most information (check the first word of the titles in this post) Group related content visually — see 7 Gestalt principles Highlight important content Ensure links have information-bearing words (information scent)—rewrite to avoid "click here" Use lists Cut unnecessary content Avoid big blocks of text and use a sketch instead (Sketchplanation anyone?) =) Use visuals and captions as gateways to content Related Ideas to F-Shaped Reading Also see: Happy Talk Must Die Gestalt Principles The Blur Your Eyes Test Front-load names to cue attention Skeuomorph Micro-editing redundant words Let your data speak for itself Progressive enhancement—mobile first Mobile is snorkelling. Desktop is diving (less true these days) Dark patterns: using design to deceive
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Chart showing the chances of getting what you want if you ask for what you want vs if you don't

Asking for What You Want

It took me a long time in my professional life to learn that my chances of getting what I wanted increased significantly if I asked for it. It seems obvious, but somehow, between politeness, awkwardness, fear of rejection, or humility, I forgot. As a child, I had no hesitation in asking for things. But somewhere along the way, I got out of the habit. Like in a relationship, asking for what you want avoids others having to guess—and potentially getting it wrong. If no one knows what you need, it's easy to feel overlooked, even when no one meant to ignore you. That's not to say asking is easy or without risk. Social norms, power dynamics, and biases mean that the same request can be received very differently depending on who asks. In some cases, asking outright might even backfire. But when possible, asking remains a powerful tool. Sometimes, asking is an obligation. If you're seething with resentment because you stayed late at work when you really needed to be back early today, that serves no one very well. You might do a worse job and be unhappy to boot. If there's something you need to be happy in your job and your manager doesn't know, it's hard for them to help. Twenty years ago, my wife and I went on an expedition to climb Mt Kenya. As we reached camp on the second day of hiking, one group member shared that he couldn't eat any foods containing gluten. By then, finding alternatives was challenging—the meals had been planned and packed days before—and jeopardised the whole trip. To ask for what you want, you must first figure out what you want. This isn't always straightforward, and it's easy to drift along without thinking about what you'd like and where you want to go. Doing the hard work to figure that out helps you and those you work with when planning and opportunities for change arise. You might never get what you ask for. But I've found that even when I didn't get what I wanted at the time, I sometimes got what I asked for later. When people know what you're looking for, they're more likely to think of you when the right moment comes. Is there something you want but haven't actually asked for? Maybe now's the time. "You get in life what you have the courage to ask for." — Oprah Winfrey (supposedly) Related Ideas Also see: Leading from Any Chair Manager time, maker time What Drives Us: Autonomy Mastery Purpose Whose Job Is It?: The Responsibility Poem The Accountability Ladder
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What is the Blur Your Eyes Test for testing designs and communication for structure showing an example of little and clear structure

The Blur Your Eyes Test

The blur your eyes test is a way to evaluate the big picture and clarity of communication and designs by squinting to blur your eyes. Good designs give you a sense of the structure, even through a blurry lens. Poor designs leave you no wiser. What is the blur your eyes test? The blur your eyes test is a practical first screen for evaluating most communication, even if you don't consider yourself a designer. It works because it's simple and tests whether you're making life easy for the reader. To try it, head to a well-designed web page and squint until your vision is blurred. Can you still get an idea of the page even without seeing the details? If I blur my eyes, where do I expect the key message to be, and what are the supporting messages? Where do I expect to click if I want to continue? My team probably got sick of me squinting my eyes, asking them to do the same, and reporting that it wasn't apparent to me what to expect. Because people naturally skim content, making it as easy as possible to understand your message is essential. Clear hierarchy. Obvious next steps. It's also why Happy Talk Must Die and why wireframes and low-fidelity prototyping are helpful. Communicating with Busy People I spent a little time with Stanford design Professor Larry Leifer. Like all Professors, people constantly inundated him with requests for his time and expertise—I sometimes wonder how talented academics cope. If you were writing to him—or anyone—you could help him and yourself by being clear. Clear was not just in the message and the words you wrote but also in the structure of your writing. He told me that he felt you should be able to narrow your eyes to blur your vision and still see the basic structure of an email: greeting, intro or context, ask, sign off. Well-structured emails were more likely to get his attention and response because you'd made it easy for him to deal with. I've applied that tiny snippet of advice thousands of times since when writing emails, Slack messages, product releases, announcements, invitations, page designs, banners, chats and articles. As I reviewed more and more designs, I would use it to check, "Are we making this easy for the reader?" And yes, I also use it for Sketchplanations. Try blurring your eyes on past sketches and see if you think they pass—I'm sure I don't always manage it. It's also part of why I love the idea sketch format on which I've based so many sketches. The blur-your-eyes test works to communicate with busy people—and we're all busy people when we're trying to find what we want on the internet. As a separate lesson, another Stanford Professor, Bernie Roth, also taught me that a short, polite, timely rejection is much more valuable than a delayed, in-depth rejection. Ideas Related to the Blur Your Eyes Test Also see: Design for a Glance, a Look, and a Read Inverted Pyramid writing Happy talk must die Omit unnecessary words The Minto Pyramid Principle Short Words are Best How to Speak Plainly
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The One in a Row principle: the way it all starts - with a person pushing over the first bowling pin — wisdom from Matthew McConaughey

One in a Row

Any success takes one in a row. Do one thing well, then another. Once, then once more. Over and over until the end, then it's one in a row again. — Matthew McConaughey From the book Greenlights Big things start small. It's easy to get caught up in trying to do everything at once, but you have to start somewhere. You don't need to complete the whole row today. Every sustained success starts with the first one. Sketchplanations started as one in a row. After the first few successes, the power of streaks can take over. Oh, and never miss twice. I created a series of sketches on getting started. Find them at: https://sketchplanations.com/categories/starting Greenlights is full of fun stories. I highly recommend the audiobook of Greenlights with Matthew McConaughey's full-of-life performance—like no other audiobook I've listened to. Related Ideas to the One-in-a-Row Principle Also see: The Doorstep Mile The First Draft is Always Perfect Benefits to Getting Started Eat the Frog
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