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Explaining the world one sketch at a time

Simplifying complex ideas through fun and insightful sketches.

A weekly sketch by email

Learn something new in a sketch each Sunday

Recent sketches

Inverted pyramid writing illustration: giving a rowing sports example from the most important at the start to the details later

Inverted pyramid writing

A handy journalist technique whereby you write in such a way that even a cursory glance at an article gives the key facts, and the further you read down you increase your knowledge with the next most important facts. As opposed to say, a chronological account of an event where the important stuff may be at the end. The BBC at least are great examples of this, for instance in a Premier League match write-up. Given how people read on the web generally, it’s pretty good to keep in mind for anything you write on the web too. Also see: the best writing is rewriting, front load names to cue attention
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Buyer's remorse illustration: a customer hands over cash to a car dealer seemingly very excited about their new purchase. At the wheel of their new car as they drive away, they begin to question their decision.

Buyer’s remorse

That annoying feeling after you’ve bought something where you’re just not sure if you did the right thing. Darn it.
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Goodhart's law illustration showing a manager frustrated by 1000's of tiny nails when measuring on number of nails made, and pulling their hair out when presented with giant nails when measuring on weight

Goodhart’s Law: when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure.

Goodhart's law states that when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure. In other words, if you pick a measure to assess performance, people find a way to game it. To illustrate, I like the (probably apocryphal) story of a nail factory that sets "Number of nails produced" as their measure of productivity and the workers figure out they can make tons of tiny nails to hit the target easily. Yet, when the frustrated managers switch the assessment to "weight of nails made", the workers again outfox them by making a few giant heavy nails. And there's the story of trying to measure fitness by steps from a pedometer only to find the pedometer gets attached to the dog. Some strategies for helping this are to try and find better, harder-to-game measures, assess with multiple measures, or allow a little discretion. More detail in this nice little article. I also liked an idea I read in Measure What Matters of pairing a quantity measure with a quality measure, for example, assessing both the number of nails and customer satisfaction of the nails. How strongly Goodhart's Law applies varies. John Cutler shared the Cutler Variation of Goodhart's Law: "In environments with high psychological safety, trust, and an appreciation for complex sociotechnical systems, when a measure becomes a target, it can remain a good measure because missing the target is treated as a valuable signal for continuous improvement rather than failure." Also see: Campbell's Law I revised the illustration. Here is the original
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Kayak v Canoe illustration: on the left we see a kayak with one person sat with legs stretched out inside the hull with a double-bladed paddle. On the right, 2 people sit in the open canoe, each with a single-bladed paddle.

Kayak vs Canoe

What’s the difference? OK, this is not rocket science, but I remember growing up it took me a while to not be calling them interchangeably. There are so many neat hybrid ways to get on the water now that nothing is cut and dry, but if they look like what’s in the picture then you can be pretty confident you’ll be getting it right.
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Double-landlocked countries — Lichtenstein and Uzbekistan —explained with a map of Lichtenstein wholly surrounded by landlocked countries

Double-landlocked countries

There are just two countries that are double-landlocked: Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan. Their unusual claim to fame is that not only are they landlocked with no access to the high seas themselves, but they are also surrounded by countries that are themselves landlocked. Another way to put it is that you have to cross two national boundaries before you can reach water connected to the oceans. Growing up on the island of Great Britain I somewhat took for granted that with a few hours in most directions and I’d be looking out onto the sea. But that’s not at all the case if you were born in a landlocked country.
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What is The Singularity Effect explained: a line graph shows how the value of and compassion for saving a life quickly diminishes as the number of lives at risk increases.

The singularity effect

The singularity effect is the name for how we care disproportionately about an individual as compared to a group. Think Saving Private Ryan, where an enormous effort is launched to save a single soldier in the Second World War. It turns out that even as you add a second person, there’s some justification for something known as compassion fade. The addition of more people doesn’t increase our willingness to help proportionally — our compassion fades as more people are involved. See the work of Paul Slovic. Also see: Psychic numbing
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